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The 7th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1801, to March 4, 1803, during the first two years of Thomas Jefferson's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the First Census of the United States in 1790. Both chambers had a Democratic-Republican majority, except during the Special session of the Senate, when there was a Federalist majority in the Senate.

March 4, 1801: Presidential inauguration of Thomas Jefferson May 10, 1801: The pascha of Tripoli declared war on United States by having the flagpole on the consulate chopped down March 16, 1802: West Point established February 24, 1803: First time an Act of Congress was declared unconstitutional: U.S. Supreme Court case, Marbury v. Madison

April 29, 1802: Judiciary Act of 1802, ch. 31, 2 Stat. 156 April 30, 1802: Enabling Act of 1802, ch. 40, 2 Stat. 173

Ohio was admitted as a state, having previously been a portion of the Northwest Territory. The exact date is unclear and in dispute, but it is undisputed that it was during this Congress. The official date when Ohio became a state was not set until 1953, when the 83rd U.S. Congress passed legislation retrospectively designating the date of the first meeting of the Ohio state legislature, March 1, 1803, as that date. However, on April 30, 1802, the 7th U.S. Congress had passed an act "authorizing the inhabitants of Ohio to form a Constitution and state government, and admission of Ohio into the Union." (Sess. 1, ch. 40, 2 Stat. 173) On February 19, 1803, the same Congress passed an act "providing for the execution of the laws of the United States in the State of Ohio." (Sess. 2, ch. 7, 2 Stat. 201) The Biographical Directory of the United States Congress states that Ohio was admitted to the Union on November 29, 1802, and counts its seats as vacant from that date.

The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress, and includes members from vacancies and newly admitted states, when they were first seated. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section. Senate edit Although the Federalists had more Senators during the very brief March 1801 special session, by the time the first regular session met in December 1801, the Democratic-Republicans had gained majority control. Party (shading shows control) Total Vacant Democratic- Republican (DR) Federalist (F) End of previous congress 11 21 32 0 Begin 14 18 32 0 End 17 14 31 3 Final voting share 54.8% 45.2% Beginning of next congress 22 9 31 3 House of Representatives edit Party (shading shows control) Total Vacant Democratic- Republican (DR) Federalist (F) End of previous congress 49 56 105 1 Begin 67

Senate edit President: Aaron Burr (DR) President pro tempore: Abraham Baldwin (DR), first elected December 7, 1801 Stephen R. Bradley (DR), first elected December 14, 1802 House of Representatives edit Speaker: Nathaniel Macon, (DR), elected December 7, 1801

This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed by class, and Representatives are listed by district. Senate edit Skip to House of Representatives, below Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term ended with this Congress, facing re-election in 1802; Class 2 meant their term began in the last Congress, facing re-election in 1804; and Class 3 meant their term began in this Congress, facing re-election in 1806. House of Representatives edit The names of members of the House of Representatives elected statewide on the general ticket or otherwise at-large, are preceded by an "At-large," and the names of those elected from districts, whether plural or single member, are preceded by their district numbers.

The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress. Senate edit There was 1 death, 8 resignations, and 2 seats added for a new state. State (class) Vacator Reason for change Successor Date of successor's formal installationa Rhode Island (2) Ray Greene (F) Resigned March 5, 1801, after being nominated for a judicial position. His successor was elected. Christopher Ellery (DR) Seated May 6, 1801 South Carolina (2) Charles Pinckney (DR) Resigned June 6, 1801, after being appointed Minister to Spain. His successor was elected. Thomas Sumter (DR) Seated December 15, 1801 New Hampshire (2) Samuel Livermore (F) Resigned June 12, 1801. His successor was elected. Simeon Olcott (F) Seated June 17, 1801 Pennsylvania (3) Peter Muhlenberg (DR) Resigned June 30, 1801. His successor was appointed July 13, 1801, and then elected December 17, 1801. George Logan (DR) Seated July 13, 1801 Vermont (3) Elijah Paine (F) Resign

Lists of committees and their party leaders. Senate edit Whole House of Representatives edit Claims (Chairman: N/A) Commerce and Manufactures (Chairman: N/A) Elections (Chairman: N/A) Revisal and Unfinished Business (Chairman: N/A) Rules (Select) Standards of Official Conduct (Chairman: N/A) Ways and Means (Chairman: John Randolph) Whole Joint committees edit Enrolled Bills (Chairman: Dwight Foster)

Legislative branch agency directors edit Architect of the Capitol: William Thornton Librarian of Congress: John J. Beckley, from 1802 Senate edit Chaplain: Thomas J. Claggett (Episcopalian), until December 9, 1801 Edward Gantt (Episcopalian), elected December 9, 1801 Secretary: Samuel A. Otis Doorkeeper: James Mathers House of Representatives edit Chaplain: Thomas Lyell (Methodist), until December 10, 1801 William Parkinson (Baptist), elected December 10, 1801 Clerk: John Holt Oswald, until December 7, 1801 John Beckley, elected December 7, 1801 Doorkeeper: Thomas Claxton Reading Clerks: data unknown/missing Sergeant at Arms: Joseph Wheaton