7th United States Congress




The 7th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1801, to March 4, 1803, during the first two years of Thomas Jefferson's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the First Census of the United States in 1790. Both chambers had a Democratic-Republican majority, except during the Special session of the Senate, when there was a Federalist majority in the Senate.

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Major events

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March 4, 1801: Presidential inauguration of Thomas Jefferson May 10, 1801: The pascha of Tripoli declared war on United States by having the flagpole on the consulate chopped down March 16, 1802: West Point established February 24, 1803: First time an Act of Congress was declared unconstitutional: U.S. Supreme Court case, Marbury v. Madison
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Changes in membership

The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress. Senate edit There was 1 death, 8 resignations, and 2 seats added for a new state. State (class) Vacator Reason for change Successor Date of successor's formal installationa Rhode Island (2) Ray Greene (F) Resigned March 5, 1801, after being nominated for a judicial position. His successor was elected. Christopher Ellery (DR) Seated May 6, 1801 South Carolina (2) Charles Pinckney (DR) Resigned June 6, 1801, after being appointed Minister to Spain. His successor was elected. Thomas Sumter (DR) Seated December 15, 1801 New Hampshire (2) Samuel Livermore (F) Resigned June 12, 1801. His successor was elected. Simeon Olcott (F) Seated June 17, 1801 Pennsylvania (3) Peter Muhlenberg (DR) Resigned June 30, 1801. His successor was appointed July 13, 1801, and then elected December 17, 1801. George Logan (DR) Seated July 13, 1801 Vermont (3) Elijah Paine (F) Resign
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States admitted

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Ohio was admitted as a state, having previously been a portion of the Northwest Territory. The exact date is unclear and in dispute, but it is undisputed that it was during this Congress. The official date when Ohio became a state was not set until 1953, when the 83rd U.S. Congress passed legislation retrospectively designating the date of the first meeting of the Ohio state legislature, March 1, 1803, as that date. However, on April 30, 1802, the 7th U.S. Congress had passed an act "authorizing the inhabitants of Ohio to form a Constitution and state government, and admission of Ohio into the Union." (Sess. 1, ch. 40, 2 Stat. 173) On February 19, 1803, the same Congress passed an act "providing for the execution of the laws of the United States in the State of Ohio." (Sess. 2, ch. 7, 2 Stat. 201) The Biographical Directory of the United States Congress states that Ohio was admitted to the Union on November 29, 1802, and counts its seats as vacant from that date.
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