Party summary




The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress, and includes members from vacancies and newly admitted states, when they were first seated. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.

Senateedit

Although the Federalists had more Senators during the very brief March 1801 special session, by the time the first regular session met in December 1801, the Democratic-Republicans had gained majority control.

Party
(shading shows control) 		Total Vacant
Democratic-
Republican
(DR) 		Federalist
(F)
End of previous congress 11 21 32 0
Begin 14 18 32 0
End 17 14 313
Final voting share 54.8% 45.2%
Beginning of next congress 22 9 31 3

House of Representativesedit

Party
(shading shows control) 		Total Vacant
Democratic-
Republican
(DR) 		Federalist
(F)
End of previous congress 49 56 105 1
Begin 67 36 103 3
End 38 1052
Final voting share 63.8% 36.2%
Beginning of next congress 113 26 139 3

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Major events

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March 4, 1801: Presidential inauguration of Thomas Jefferson May 10, 1801: The pascha of Tripoli declared war on United States by having the flagpole on the consulate chopped down March 16, 1802: West Point established February 24, 1803: First time an Act of Congress was declared unconstitutional: U.S. Supreme Court case, Marbury v. Madison
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Changes in membership

The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress. Senate edit There was 1 death, 8 resignations, and 2 seats added for a new state. State (class) Vacator Reason for change Successor Date of successor's formal installationa Rhode Island (2) Ray Greene (F) Resigned March 5, 1801, after being nominated for a judicial position. His successor was elected. Christopher Ellery (DR) Seated May 6, 1801 South Carolina (2) Charles Pinckney (DR) Resigned June 6, 1801, after being appointed Minister to Spain. His successor was elected. Thomas Sumter (DR) Seated December 15, 1801 New Hampshire (2) Samuel Livermore (F) Resigned June 12, 1801. His successor was elected. Simeon Olcott (F) Seated June 17, 1801 Pennsylvania (3) Peter Muhlenberg (DR) Resigned June 30, 1801. His successor was appointed July 13, 1801, and then elected December 17, 1801. George Logan (DR) Seated July 13, 1801 Vermont (3) Elijah Paine (F) Resign
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States admitted

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Ohio was admitted as a state, having previously been a portion of the Northwest Territory. The exact date is unclear and in dispute, but it is undisputed that it was during this Congress. The official date when Ohio became a state was not set until 1953, when the 83rd U.S. Congress passed legislation retrospectively designating the date of the first meeting of the Ohio state legislature, March 1, 1803, as that date. However, on April 30, 1802, the 7th U.S. Congress had passed an act "authorizing the inhabitants of Ohio to form a Constitution and state government, and admission of Ohio into the Union." (Sess. 1, ch. 40, 2 Stat. 173) On February 19, 1803, the same Congress passed an act "providing for the execution of the laws of the United States in the State of Ohio." (Sess. 2, ch. 7, 2 Stat. 201) The Biographical Directory of the United States Congress states that Ohio was admitted to the Union on November 29, 1802, and counts its seats as vacant from that date.
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